Archive for October, 2007
October 28th, 2007 18:10:09
Neural dynamics of event segmentation in music: converging evidence for dissociable ventral and dorsal networks.
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Neural dynamics of event segmentation in music: converging evidence for dissociable ventral and dorsal networks.
Neuron. 2007 Aug 2;55(3):521-32
Authors: Sridharan D, Levitin DJ, Chafe CH, Berger J, Menon V
The real world presents our sensory systems with a continuous stream of undifferentiated information. Segmentation of this stream at event boundaries is necessary for object identification and feature extraction. Here, we investigate the neural dynamics of event segmentation in entire musical symphonies under natural listening conditions. We isolated time-dependent sequences of brain responses in a 10 s window surrounding transitions between movements of symphonic works. A strikingly right-lateralized network of brain regions showed peak response during the movement transitions when, paradoxically, there was no physical stimulus. Model-dependent and model-free analysis techniques provided converging evidence for activity in two distinct functional networks at the movement transition: a ventral fronto-temporal network associated with detecting salient events, followed in time by a dorsal fronto-parietal network associated with maintaining attention and updating working memory. Our study provides direct experimental evidence for dissociable and causally linked ventral and dorsal networks during event segmentation of ecologically valid auditory stimuli.
PMID: 17678862 [PubMed - in process]
October 28th, 2007 11:10:02
The effect of music on pain and acute confusion in older adults undergoing hip and knee surgery.
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The effect of music on pain and acute confusion in older adults undergoing hip and knee surgery.
Holist Nurs Pract. 2006 Sep-Oct;20(5):218-24; quiz 225-6
Authors: McCaffrey R, Locsin R
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music listening in older adults following hip or knee surgery. Acute confusion and pain after surgery can increase length of stay and reduce function. Study results demonstrate a reduction in acute confusion and pain and improved ambulation and higher satisfaction scores in older adults who listened to music.
PMID: 16974175 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
October 28th, 2007 5:10:13
Nonhuman primates prefer slow tempos but dislike music overall.
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Nonhuman primates prefer slow tempos but dislike music overall.
Cognition. 2006 Aug 25;
Authors: McDermott J, Hauser MD
Human adults generally find fast tempos more arousing than slow tempos, with tempo frequently manipulated in music to alter tension and emotion. We used a previously published method [McDermott, J., & Hauser, M. (2004). Are consonant intervals music to their ears? Spontaneous acoustic preferences in a nonhuman primate. Cognition, 94(2), B11-B21] to test cotton-top tamarins and common marmosets, two new-World primates, for their spontaneous responses to stimuli that varied systematically with respect to tempo. Across several experiments, we found that both tamarins and marmosets preferred slow tempos to fast. It is possible that the observed preferences were due to arousal, and that this effect is homologous to the human response to tempo. In other respects, however, these two monkey species showed striking differences compared to humans. Specifically, when presented with a choice between slow tempo musical stimuli, including lullabies, and silence, tamarins and marmosets preferred silence whereas humans, when similarly tested, preferred music. Thus despite the possibility of homologous mechanisms for tempo perception in human and nonhuman primates, there appear to be motivational ties to music that are uniquely human.
PMID: 16935277 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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