Archive for January, 2009
January 31st, 2009 5:01:50
Effect of music on procedure time and sedation during colonoscopy: A meta-analysis.
Effect of music on procedure time and sedation during colonoscopy: A meta-analysis.
World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep 14;14(34):5336-5343
Authors: Tam WW, Wong EL, Twinn SF
AIM: To integrate results from different studies in examining the effectiveness of music in reducing the procedure time and the amount of sedation used during colonoscopic procedure. METHODS: An electronic search in various databases was performed to identify related articles. Study quality was evaluated by the Jadad’s scale. The random effect model was used to pool the effect from individual trials and the Cohen Q-statistic was used to determine heterogeneity. Egger’s regression was used to detect publication bias. RESULTS: Eight studies with 722 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The combined mean difference for the time taken for the colonoscopy procedure between the music and control groups was -2.84 with 95% CI (-5.61 to -0.08), implying a short time for the music group. The combined mean difference for the use of sedation was -0.46 with 95%CI (-0.91 to -0.01), showing a significant reduction in the use of sedation in the music group. Heterogeneity was observed in both analyses but no publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Listening to music is effective in reducing procedure time and amount of sedation during colonoscopy and should be promoted.
PMID: 18785289 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
January 30th, 2009 14:01:00
Music perception in cochlear implant users and its relationship with psychophysical capabilities.
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Music perception in cochlear implant users and its relationship with psychophysical capabilities.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(5):779-90
Authors: Drennan WR, Rubinstein JT
This article describes issues concerning music perception with cochlear implants, discusses why music perception is usually poor in cochlear implant users, reviews relevant data, and describes approaches for improving music perception with cochlear implants. Pitch discrimination ability ranges from the ability to hear a one-semitone difference to a two-octave difference. The ability to hear rhythm and tone duration is near normal in implantees. Timbre perception is usually poor, but about two-thirds of listeners can identify instruments in a closed set better than chance. Cochlear implant recipients typically have poor melody perception but are aided with rhythm and lyrics. Without rhythm or lyrics, only about one-third of implantees can identify common melodies in a closed set better than chance. Correlations have been found between music perception ability and speech understanding in noisy environments. Thus, improving music perception might also provide broader clinical benefit. A number of approaches have been proposed to improve music perception with implant users, including encoding fundamental frequency with modulation, “current-steering,” MP3-like processing, and nerve “conditioning.” If successful, these approaches could improve the quality of life for implantees by improving communication and musical and environmental awareness.
PMID: 18816426 [PubMed - in process]
January 30th, 2009 0:01:00
Effects of music composed by mozart and ligeti on blood pressure and heart rate circadian rhythms in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
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Effects of music composed by mozart and ligeti on blood pressure and heart rate circadian rhythms in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
Chronobiol Int. 2008 Nov;25(6):971-86
Authors: Lemmer B
There is continuing discussion on the effect of music (”Mozart effect”) on numerous functions in man and experimental animals. Radiotelemetry now allows one to monitor cardiovascular functions in freely-moving unrestrained experimental animals. Radiotelemetry was used to monitor systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and motor activity (MA) in male normotensive WKY and hypertensive SHR animals. Rats were synchronized to a 12 h light (L): 12 h dark (D) regimen in an isolated, ventilated, light-controlled, sound-isolated animal container. Music (Mozart, Symphony # 40; Ligeti, String Quartet # 2) were played for 2 h at 75 dB in the animal cabin starting at the onset of L or D in a cross-over design. Data were collected every 5 min for 24 h under control conditions and during and after music. In addition, plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) were determined in unrestrained animals at 3 h intervals over 24 h. In both WKY and SHR, highly significant circadian rhythms were obtained in SBP, DBP, HR, and MA under control conditions; HR was lower and BP higher in SHR than in WKY. NE was circadian rhythmic in both strains with higher values in D; the increase in NE with immobilization was much more pronounced in SHR than in WKY. The music of Mozart had no effect on either parameter in WKY, neither in L nor in D. In contrast, in SHR, the music of Mozart presented in L significantly decreased HR and left BP unaffected, leading to a small decrease in cardiac output. The music of Ligeti significantly increased BP both in L and in D and reflexively reduced HR in L, the effects being long-lasting over 24 h. Interestingly, white noise at 75 dB had no effect at all on either function in both strains. The effects of both Mozart and Ligeti cannot be attributed to a stress reaction, as stress due to cage switch increased HR and BP both in WKY and SHR. The study clearly demonstrates that music of different character (tempo, rhythm, pitch, tonality) can modify cardiovascular functions in freely-moving rats, with SHR being more sensitive than normotensive animals. The relative contribution of the characteristics of the two pieces of music, however, needs further evaluation.
PMID: 19005899 [PubMed - in process]
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