Archive for October, 2009
October 31st, 2009 15:10:53
Effects of music tempo upon submaximal cycling performance.
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Effects of music tempo upon submaximal cycling performance.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009 Sep 28;
Authors: Waterhouse J, Hudson P, Edwards B
In an in vivo laboratory controlled study, 12 healthy male students cycled at self-chosen work-rates while listening to a program of six popular music tracks of different tempi. The program lasted about 25 min and was performed on three occasions - unknown to the participants, its tempo was normal, increased by 10% or decreased by 10%. Work done, distance covered and cadence were measured at the end of each track, as were heart rate and subjective measures of exertion, thermal comfort and how much the music was liked. Speeding up the music program increased distance covered/unit time, power and pedal cadence by 2.1%, 3.5% and 0.7%, respectively; slowing the program produced falls of 3.8%, 9.8% and 5.9%. Average heart rate changes were +0.1% (faster program) and -2.2% (slower program). Perceived exertion and how much the music was liked increased (faster program) by 2.4% and 1.3%, respectively, and decreased (slower program) by 3.6% and 35.4%. That is, healthy individuals performing submaximal exercise not only worked harder with faster music but also chose to do so and enjoyed the music more when it was played at a faster tempo. Implications of these findings for improving training regimens are discussed.
PMID: 19793214 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
October 27th, 2009 5:10:46
Music for medical indications in the neonatal period: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
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Music for medical indications in the neonatal period: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009 May 28;
Authors: Hartling L, Shaik M, Tjosvold L, Leicht R, Liang Y, Kumar M
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the efficacy of music for medical indications in term or preterm neonates. METHODS: We searched 17 electronic databases; subject bibliographies; reference lists; and trials registries. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion, assessed methodological quality, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity in outcomes; a qualitative analysis is presented. RESULTS: Nine randomized trials were included. The methodological quality was generally poor (median Jadad score=1). The outcomes most commonly reported were: physiological measures (heart rate [HR], respiratory rate, oxygen saturation [SaO2]); behavioral state; and pain. Six studies evaluated music for painful procedures: circumcision (3 trials) and heel stick (3 trials). For circumcisions, one high quality pilot study (n=23) showed benefits of music for the outcomes of HR, SaO2, and pain, while two low-quality studies showed no difference. For heel prick, three low quality studies provided some evidence that music may be beneficial primarily for measures of behavior and pain. The remaining studies evaluated music in preterm infants: to improve physiological and behavioral parameters (n=31; benefits observed for behavioral parameters); to reinforce nonnutritive sucking via use of pacifier-activated lullaby (n=32; significant increase in feeding rates); and to influence physiological stability and behaviors in infants with chronic lung disease (n=22; no significant differences for outcomes assessed). CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity in study populations, interventions, and outcomes precludes definitive conclusions around efficacy. There is preliminary evidence for some therapeutic benefits of music for specific indications, however, these findings need to be confirmed in methodologically rigorous trials.
PMID: 19477913 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
October 26th, 2009 5:10:30
Eyes wide shut: amygdala mediates eyes-closed effect on emotional experience with music.
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Eyes wide shut: amygdala mediates eyes-closed effect on emotional experience with music.
PLoS One. 2009;4(7):e6230
Authors: Lerner Y, Papo D, Zhdanov A, Belozersky L, Hendler T
The perceived emotional value of stimuli and, as a consequence the subjective emotional experience with them, can be affected by context-dependent styles of processing. Therefore, the investigation of the neural correlates of emotional experience requires accounting for such a variable, a matter of an experimental challenge. Closing the eyes affects the style of attending to auditory stimuli by modifying the perceptual relationship with the environment without changing the stimulus itself. In the current study, we used fMRI to characterize the neural mediators of such modification on the experience of emotionality in music. We assumed that closed eyes position will reveal interplay between different levels of neural processing of emotions. More specifically, we focused on the amygdala as a central node of the limbic system and on its co-activation with the Locus Ceruleus (LC) and Ventral Prefrontal Cortex (VPFC); regions involved in processing of, respectively, ‘low’, visceral-, and ‘high’, cognitive-related, values of emotional stimuli. Fifteen healthy subjects listened to negative and neutral music excerpts with eyes closed or open. As expected, behavioral results showed that closing the eyes while listening to emotional music resulted in enhanced rating of emotionality, specifically of negative music. In correspondence, fMRI results showed greater activation in the amygdala when subjects listened to the emotional music with eyes closed relative to eyes open. More so, by using voxel-based correlation and a dynamic causal model analyses we demonstrated that increased amygdala activation to negative music with eyes closed led to increased activations in the LC and VPFC. This finding supports a system-based model of perceived emotionality in which the amygdala has a central role in mediating the effect of context-based processing style by recruiting neural operations involved in both visceral (i.e. ‘low’) and cognitive (i.e. ‘high’) related processes of emotions.
PMID: 19603072 [PubMed - in process]
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